Unlike the Human Mortality Database, the Japanese Mortality Database, in general, does not provide raw data for population, the number of deaths, etc. Consequently, all of the data contained in this database has been processed and created by the Japanese Mortality Database. All citations must name the Japanese Mortality Database as the source.

The recommended style for citations is as follows:

[English Citations]
“Japanese Mortality Database”, National Institute of Population and Social Security Research, Available at https://www.ipss.go.jp/p-toukei/JMD/index-en.asp (data downloaded on [date])